A new species, Dicheirinia panamensis , and new records of rust fungi from Panama. Author Hernández, J. R. Author Piepenbring, M. Author Rios, M. B. V. text Mycol Progress 6 81 91 2007 21381 http://hdl.handle.net/10199/15436 A new species , Dicheirinia panamensis , and new records of rust fungi from Panama Jose R. Hernandez • Meike Piepenbring • Maritza Betzaida Vega Rios Received: 13 July 2006/Revised: 15 November 2006/Accepted: 19 January 2007/Published online: 11 April 2007 © German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag 2007 Abstract Based on a recent fieldwork in Panama, 25 species of rust fungi and several new hosts are reported for the first time from this country. Among the new records is one new species , Dicheirinia panamensis on Cojoba rufescens (Fabaceae). It differs from known species in the genus Dicheirinia by the presence of uredinia and telia without paraphyses, irregularly tuberculate urediniospores with two germ pores on the flattened sides, and tuberculate teliospores formed by three probasidial cells, subtended by a pedicel with three hyaline, apical cells. Introduction Among the first fungi reported from Panama were rusts collected by N.G. Lagerheim (Dietel 1894). Since then, data on rust fungi (Uredinales, Basidiomycota) from Panama have been published by numerous authors: Arthur (1918), Jackson (1926), Standley (1927), Kern and Chardon (1927), Kern (1938), Hennen and Cummins (1956), J0rstad (1957), Toler et al. (1959), Ramachar and Cummins (1965), Cummins (1978), Buritica and Hennen (1980), Ono and Hennen (1983), Hennen and McCain (1993), Buritica (1999a, b), Berndt (2002), Hernandez and Hennen (2003), Hernandez et al. (n.d.), and Piepenbring (2005). In total, only about 67 species of rust fungi are known from Panama (Piepenbring 2006), although diversity of plants is very high and rusts are common in this country. Several days of intensive field work in Panama yielded numerous new records of rust species, new host records, and a species of Dicheirinia on Fabaceae that is different from all known species and therefore described as new. Materials and methods Fresh specimens were collected from 24-29 November 2004 mainly in the province of Chiriqui, not only in agricultural fields and natural topical forest but also on roadsides between Panama City and Chiriqui. Collections were pressed in a conventional plant press and slowly dried in an electric drier. For microscopic examination, material was mounted in aqueous lactic acid and examined using a Zeiss Axioplan 2 microscope with bright-field optics. Size ranges in species descriptions are based on at least 20 measurements of each structure. Digital images were taken using a Nikon Coolpix 995 and a Nikon DXM 1200. Drawings were done with a drawing mirror or free hand on scaled paper, redrawn with ink, and scanned. SEM pictures were taken from spores dusted onto double-adhesive tape, covered during 45 s at 5 kV with gold, and observed with a Hitachi S4500. Plates were made using Adobe Photoshop Elements 2.0 and Corel Draw 12. Specimens from BPI were Taxonomical novelty: Dicheirinia panamensis J.R. Hern., M. Piepenbr. and Vega Rios. J. R. Hernandez (*) Systematic Botany and Mycology Lab, USDA/ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA e-mail: jose@nt.ars-grin.gov M. Piepenbring Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, J.W. Goethe-Universitaet Frankfurt am Main, 60054 Frankfurt am Main, Germany e-mail: piepenbring@em.uni-frankfurt.de M. B. Vega Rios Universidad Autonoma de Chiriqui, David, Chiriqui, Panama e-mail: maritzabvr@hotmail.com examined for comparison with different species of Dicheirinia and also with other rusts reported in this paper. Authority names are based on recommendations given in Authors of Fungal Names (CABI): http://www.indexfungorum.org/ FungalNameAuthors.pdf. Host plants were identified by the authors as well as Ralph Mangelsdorff (University of Frankfurt) and Joe Kirkbride and John Wiersema (USDA- ARS, SBML, Beltsville). Collections were deposited at the Herbario Nacional of the Universidad de Panama (PMA) and at the US National Fungus Collection (BPI). DNA was extracted from leaves of Desmodium sp. and Phaseolus multiflorus var. coccineus containing sori using the PureLink Plant DNA Reagent (Invitrogen), and the identity of P. meibomiae was confirmed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol (Frederick et al. 2002) with Ppm1/Ppa2 primers. Specimens of Dicheirinia examined Dicheirinia archeri Cummins on Lonchocarpus nicou DC. Surinam, Scotelweg, 2 Nov. 1934, leg. W.A. Archer H-256, 0-III (BPI 143084), isotype. Dicheirinia binata (Berkeley and Curtis) Arthur on Erythrina sp. Guatemala, Livingston, Dept. Izabal, 18 Jan. 1905, leg. W.A. Kellerman 5465, II (BPI 143091), isotype of Uredo cabreriana Kern. and Kell. On Erythrina glauca Willd , Venezuela, near Los Caobos, 28 Apr. 1934, leg. F.D. Kern and R.A. Toro 1713, II (BPI 853921). Venezuela, road from Caracas to El Valle, 950 m, 9 July 1932, leg. Chardon and Toro, II (BPI 143115). On Erythrina cristagalli , Puerto Rico, Agr. Exp. Sta. Mayaguez, 7 July 1924, leg. H.H. Whetzel, F.D. Kern and R.A. Toro 2415, II (BPI 853922). Dicheirinia guianensis Cummins on L. nicou DC, Guyana, Bonisiki Landing, Arawau River, North West District, 16 July 1934, leg. W.A. Archer H-248, 0-I-II-III (BPI 143120), Isotype, intercepted at New York. On Lonchocarpus sp., 3 June 1938, leg. Insp. Hodson, 0-I-II-III (BPI 143119). Dicheirinia manaosensis (Henn.) Cummins (= Diorchidium manaosensis Henn. ) on Lonchocarpus rariflorus Martius. Brazil, Manaos, Rio Negro, Aug 1900, leg. E. Ule, III (BPI 143122, Mycotheca brasiliensis No. 11), isotype. On Lonchocarpus sp. Colombia, Letecia, 15 Oct. 1943, leg. C. O. Grassl 10098, III (BPI 853923). Dicheirinia ormosiae (Arthur) Cummins (= Puccinia ormosiae Arthur ) on Ormosia krugii Urban, Puerto Rico, El Yunque, 14 Apr. 1916, leg. H.H. Whetzel and E.W. Olive 276, II-III (BPI143124), isotype. Dicheirinia solenioides Cummins on Ormosia sp. (as Nectandra aff. rigida ). Brazil, Sao Francisco, Apr. 1885, leg. E. Ule, II-III (BPI 143136), isotype. Dicheirinia spinulosa (J. W. Baxter) J.F. Hennen and Cummins on Leucaena sp. Mexico (locality unknown), intercepted at the Nogales Plant Quarantine Station (Arizona, USA) by J.M. Kaiser and D. Noel, III (BPI 115592), isotype of Diorchidium spinulosum J.W. Baxter . Dicheirinia superba H. S. Jacks . and Holw. on Piptadenia sp. (originally erroneously reported as Inga sp.). Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Petropolis, 20 Oct 1921, leg. E.W.D. and M.M. Holway 1234, 0-III (BPI 143138), isotype. Results Dicheirinia panamensis J.R. Hern., M. Piepenbr. and Vega Rios, sp. nov. (Figures 1, 2, and 3). Etymology The name of the species is based on the country where it was collected. Spermogonia et aecia ignota. Uredinia amphigena, praecipue abaxialia, dispersa vel aggregata, ca. 0.1 -1 mm longa, 0.5-1 (2) lata, cinnamomea, subepidermalia, erumpentia; urediniosporae (30) 37-45 (52)x(15) 19-25 (27) µm, leviter complanatae, visae de parte lato obovoideae, ellipsoideae, sphaeroideae vel stellatae, cinnamomeae, episporio tuberculato praecipue marginis sporae, pori germinationis 2, aequatoriis, pedicello hyaline, fragili, 4-5 µm lato. Telia amphigena, praecipue abaxialia, atro-rufo-brunnea, rotunda vel elongata, ad 1 mm diam., subepidermalia, erumpentia; teliosporae (30) 36-40 µm longae, (31) 38-45 (48) µm latae, atro-cinnamomea, 3-cellulares, cellula 19-24x24-26 µm, pariete 2-4 µm crassa, tuberculata, tuberculis ad 3 µm longae; pedicellus hyalinus, 5-7 µm latus, 3 cellulis apicalibus hyalinis, una pro singulis cellulis probasidialibus. Spermogonia and aecia unknown. Uredinia amphigenous, mainly hypophyllous, scattered or more or less grouped, subepidermal, becoming erumpent, 0.1 -1 mm diameter, cinnamon brown, sometimes on round chlorotic areas of the leaf up to 0.5 cm, old lesions brown, up to 1 cm diameter; urediniospores (30) 37-45 (52)x(15) 19-25 (27) µm, somewhat flattened, in side view ovoid, ellipsoid, spheroid, star-shaped, cinnamon brown, cell wall 2-4 Hm thick, tuberculate, tubercles 2-10 Hm long, 2-5 Hm wide and tapering to a blunt apex, arranged mainly on margin of spores, sometimes at apex as a crown, sometimes tubercles very conspicuous giving spore a divided appearance, germ pores two, equatorial, in center of flattened side of spores, pedicel hyaline, fragile, 4-5 Hm wide. Telia amphigenous, mainly hypophyllous, close to uredinia, dark chestnut brown, round, sometimes elongated, up to 1 mm diameter, subepidermal becoming erumpent; teliospores sometimes in uredinia, (30) 36-40 µm long, (31) 38-45 (48) µm wide, yellowish when young, dark cinnamon brown when old, three probasidial cells delimited by vertical septa, probasidial cells 19-24x24-26 |j.m, wall 2-4 µm, outer wall tuberculate, tubercles up to 3 long, tapering to a blunt apex; pedicel hyaline, 5-7 µm wide, with three apical hyaline cells (12x5 (µm), one subtending each probasidial cell. Holotypus On C. rufescens (Benth.) Britton (Fabaceae, subfamily Mimosoideae). Panama, Chiriqui, Boquete, 08°46.691'N, 82°25.968'W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez and M. Vega Rios 2004-120, II-III (BPI 871146). Isotype in PMA. Other specimens examined: at the same place on the same host plant, 27 Aug. 2005, leg. M. Piepenbring and M. Vega Rios 3518 (PMA); 6 Nov. 2005, M. Piepenbring 3680 (PMA). On Fabaceae indet. Panama, Chiriqui, Boquete, 08°46.691'N, 82°25.968'W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez and M. Vega Rios 2004-122, II-III (BPI 871147, PMA). Discussion Species of Raveneliaceae (Uredinales) are particularly diverse on Fabaceae in the tropics (Hernandez and Hennen 2002). This family includes species in numerous genera, among which species of Dicheirinia , Diorchidium , Diorchidiella , Hapalophragmium , and Ravenelia are morphologically somewhat similar. Species of Dicheirinia differ from species of the other genera by vertically septate, tuberculate teliospores, subtended by a hyaline pedicel with one apical cell for each probasidial cell. The type species of the genus is D. binata (Berk. and M.A. Curtis) Arthur (= Triphragmium binatum Berk. and M.A. Curtis) on Erythrina sp. from Nicaragua. Twelve species of Dicheirinia have been described on the three subfamilies of Fabaceae (Cummins and Hiratsuka 2003): Caesalpinioideae ( Cassia ), Faboideae ( Abrus , Chamaecytisus , Cytisus , Erythrina , Lonchocarpus , Ormosia , Piptadenia ,and Teline ), and Mimosoi deae ( Albizia , Archidendropsis ,and Leucaena ). Up to now, no other rusts have been reported on the host species C. rufescens . Dicheirinia panamensis differs from other species in the genus by the presence of flattened, tuberculate urediniospores of irregular shape with two germ pores and teliospores with three probasidial cells. Eight of the Dicheirinia species are known only from the Americas. D. archeri Cummins was described on L. nicou (Aubl.) DC. from Peru (Spaulding 1961) and Surinam (Cummins 1937) and on L. urucu Killip and A.C. Sm. and L. utilis A.C. Sm. also from Peru (Spaulding 1961). It is a microcyclic rust with spermogonia and telia and teliospores with two probasidial cells. D. binata (Berk. and M.A. Curtis) Arthur was reported on species of Erythrina and an unknown host (type specimen) from Central America, the Caribbean, and tropical South America (Farr et al. 2004). It has paraphysate uredinia, strongly echinulate urediniospores with three to four germ pores, and teliospores with two probasidial cells. D. guianensis Cummins was reported on L. nicou (Aubl.) DC. from French Guiana and Guyana (Cummins 1937; Hernandez et al. 2005a, b; Spaulding 1961) and is a macrocyclic rust. The aeciospores and urediniospores are similar to each other and have an irregular triangular shape with one germ pore in each angle of the spore. The teliospores of both species have three probasidial cells, but those of D. guianensis are less prominently tuberculate than in D. panamensis . Dicheirinia manaoensis (Henn.) Cummins was reported on L. rariflorus Mart. ex Benth. from Brazil (Hennen et al. 2005) and on Lonchocarpus sp. from Brazil and Colombia (Buritica and Pardo-Cardona 1996;Hennenetal.2005;Kernand Thurston 1954). Spermogonia and telia were reported for this species: teliospores mostly with three probasidial cells, (38) 44-55 (65) µm high and (36) 40-55 (59) µm wide, with tubercles or plaques up to 8 µm thick at the apex of the probasidial cells. D. ormosiae (Arthur) Cummins was reported on O. krugii Urb. from Puerto Rico, Santo Domingo, and Virgin Islands (Cummins 1935; Stevenson 1975) and on Ormosia nobilis Tul. from Brazil (Hennen et al. 1982). It differs from all other species of the genus in having a single intercalary cell bearing teliospores with two probasidial cells (Hennen et al. 2005). Its uredinia and telia include characteristically branched paraphyses. D. solenioides(Henn.) Cummins was reported on Ormosia monosperma (Sw.) Urb. (= Ormosia dasycarpa Jacks .) and Ormosia sp. from Brazil (Cummins 1940; J0rstad 1959). It produces uredinia and telia with cylindrical hyaline paraphyses, triangular, echinulate urediniospores, and teliospores with two prominently echinulate probasidial cells. D. spinulosa (J.W. Baxter) J.F. Hennen and Cummins was reported on Cassia sp. and Leucaena sp. from Mexico (Cummins 1978; Gallegos and Cummins 1981; Hennen and Cummins 1973). It produces only telia, which have teliospores with two to eight probasidial cells. D. superba H.S. Jacks. and Holw., reported on Piptadenia sp. from Brazil (Cummins 1935; Hennen et al. 2005; Jackson 1931), produces spermogonia and telia; teliospores have two (rarely three) verrucose probasidial cells with cubical projections. Four species of Dicheirinia were reported from outside the Americas. Dicheirinia canariensis Urries was reported on Chamaecytisus proliferus (L. f.) Link (as Cytisus proliferus L. f.), Cytisus congestus Ball, Cytisus perezii Hutch., and Teline canariensis (L.) Webb and Berth. (as Genista canariensis L. ) from Canary Islands (Gjaerum 1987; J0rstad 1958; Urries 1954, 1957). D. canariensis produced only telia, which are paraphysate, and the teliospores have two to three probasidial cells. Dicheirinia maderensis Gjaerum was reported on leaves of cf. Teline maderensis Webb and Berth. from Madeira (Portugal). We did not examine the type specimen of this species, but, according to Gjaerum (1982), it produces uredinia with urediniospores subgloboid to ellipsoid, often attenuated at the apex, 27-31 x 18-21 Hm, echinulate, and telia with teliospores 20-29x 11 -13.5 Hm with few warts, while D. panamensis has larger urediniospores that are variable in shape and strongly tuberculate and larger teliospores with block-like tubercles. Dicheirinia trispora Cummins was reported on Abrus precatorius L. from Mauritius (Cummins 1960). According to Cummins (1960), it is microcyclic producing spermogonia and telia with teliospores 26-34x30-40 µm, which are smaller than those of D. panamensis . Dicheirinia viennotii B. Huguenin was reported on Archidendropsis granulosa (Labill.) I.C. Nielsen [= Albizia granulosa (Labill.) Benth.] from New Caledonia (Huguenin 1966). It is a macrocyclic rust that produces urediniospores with five equatorial germ pores, 26.3-36.8x19.3-33.3 µm, and teliospores with two probasidial cells, 29.8-38.5x 18.9-33.3 µm, with smooth walls. Hennen et al. (1998) considered Allotelium mirabile Syd. to belong to the genus Dicheirinia . Cummins and Hiratsuka Key to species of Dicheirinia 1. Teliospores composed of one or two probasidial cells 2. Telia aparaphysate 3. Teliospores verrucose ........................................................... D. maderensis 3. Teliospores smooth ............................................................... D. viennotii 2. Telia paraphysate 4. Paraphyses cauliflower-like ................................................... D. ormosiae 4. Paraphyses not cauliflower-like 5. Teliospore ornamentation digitate, projections up to 12 µm ........ D. binata 5. Teliospore ornamentation bead-like 6. Paraphyses cylindrical ................................................ D. superba 6. Paraphyses otherwise 7. Paraphyses clavate-capitate ......................................... D. archeri 7. Paraphyses cylindrical to slightly clavate 8. Paraphyses peripheral ........................................ D. solenoides 8. Paraphyses intermingled with teliospores .................. D. canariensis 1. Teliospores mostly composed of three or four probasidial cells 9. Teliospores mostly composed of four probasidial cells ................... D. spinulosa 9. Teliospores mostly composed of three probasidial cells 10. Telia aparaphysate 11. Urediniospores present, flattened, irregularly tuberculated ...... D. panamensis 11. Urediniospores absent ................................................... D. trispora 10. Telia paraphysate 12. Abundant peripheral branched paraphyses, uredinia produced .. D. guianensis 12. Few peripheral paraphyses, uredinia not produced .................. D. manaoensis (2003) recognized Allotelium as a separate genus with two species, A. mirabile Syd. and A. calliandrae (R. Berndt) Y. Hirats., based on the lack of uredinia and the telia that are covered by a peridium for a long time. New records Twenty-five new records of rust fungi for Panama are listed below, which bring the total of rusts known from Panama to 92. The considerable number of new records obtained, based on specimens collected in less than 1 week, suggests that we are still far from knowing the complete diversity of rusts in Panama. In Costa Rica, a neighboring country with similar plant diversity where rusts have been collected much more intensively than in Panama, 292 species are known (Berndt 2004). New records of rusts in Panama Coleosporium ipomoeae (Schwein.) Burrill on Ipomoea sp. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Distrito de Alanje, La Barqueta, 8°18.258'N, 82°34.822'W, 27 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-134, II-III (BPI 864101). Panama, Chiriqui Province, Quebrada Cermeno, Cascada, 8°30.598TN, 82°26.193'W, 28 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez and R. Mangelsdorff 2004- 149, II (BPI 864102). C. ipomoeae is widespread in Central, North, South America and the Caribbean and is reported from several countries in Africa and Asia on species in the Convolvulaceae and Pinaceae (Farr et al. 2004; Hernandez et al. 2005a, b). This is the first report of C. ipomoeae from Panama. Coleosporium plumeriae Pat. on Plumeria sp. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Quebrada Cermeno, Cascada, 8°30.598N, 82°26.193'W, 28 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez and R. Mangelsdorff 2004-148, II-III (BPI 864104). C. plumeriae was reported from the Caribbean, Central America, Mexico, northern South America and the USA (Florida and Hawaii). It has also been reported from Micronesia, a green house in Canada (Farr et al. 2004), and Nigeria (Hernandez et al. 2005a, b). This is the first report of C. plumeriae from Panama. Coleosporium vernoniae Berk. and M.A. Curtis on Elephantopus mollis Kunth . Panama, Chiriqui Province, Volcan, 8°47.398TN, 82°40.565'W, 25 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-101, II (BPI 864106). Panama, Chiriqui Province, Boquete, 8°46.691N, 82°25.968'W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez and M. Vega Rios 2004-125, II (BPI 864107). C. vernoniae was reported from the Caribbean, Central, North and South America, and China on species in the Asteraceae and Pinaceae (Farr et al. 2004; Hernandez et al. 2005a, b). This is the first report of C. vernoniae from Panama. Desmella aneimiae Syd. and P. Syd. on Thelypteris sp. Panama, Chiriqui Province, San Felix, 8°16.387'N, 81°51.71'W, 29 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-153, II-III (BPI 864108). D. aneimiae was reported from Mexico to Argentina and the Caribbean on species in the Blechnaceae , Dennstaedtiaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Nephroleptidaceae, Schizaeaceae, Pteridaceae, and Thelypteridaceae (Farr et al. 2004; Hernandez et al. 2005a, b). This is the first report of D. aneimiae from Panama. Gerwasia pittieriana (Henn.) Leon-Gall. and Cummins on Rubus sp. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Boquete, 8°46.691N, 82°25.968'W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez and M. Vega Rios 2004-123, II (BPI 864110). G. pittieriana was reported from Costa Rica and Mexico on species of Rubus (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first report of G. pittieriana from Panama. Kuehneola malvicola (Speg.) Arthur on Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Caizan, 8°44.406N, 82°49.348'W, 25 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-109, II (BPI 864198). K. malvicola was reported from the Americas and Asia on species in the Malvaceae (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first report of K. malvicola from Panama. Phakopsora cupheae Buritica on Cuphea ignea A. DC. Panama, Chiriqui Province, road to Caizan, 8°47.382'N, 82°42.547'W, 25 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-103, II (BPI 871907). P. cupheae was reported from the Caribbean, Central America, and northern South America (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first report of P. cupheae from Panama. Phakopsora meibomiae (Arthur) Arthur on Desmodium sp. Panama, Cocle Province, Aguadulce, 8°13.227'N, 80°36.558'W, 24 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004- 084, II (BPI 864113). On P multiflorus var. coccineus (L.) DC. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Dominical, 8°40.455'N, 82°48.013'W, 25 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-114, II (BPI 864114). Identification was confirmed using realtime PCR (Frederick et al. 2002). P. meibomiae was reported from Mexico to Argentina and the Caribbean; in addition, there are several unconfirmed reports from out of the Americas (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first report of P. meibomiae from Panama. Puccinia arechavaletae Speg. on Serjania decapleuria Croat. Panama, Chiriqui Province, David, 8°25.947'N, 82°27.045'W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004- 128, II-M (BPI 864115). P. arechavaletae is widespread in the Americas on species in the Sapindaceae (Farretal. 2004; Hernandezetal. 2005a, b). This is the first report of P. arechavaletae from Panama. Puccinia hemerocallidis Thum. on Hemerocallis sp. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Boquete, central plaza, 8°46.691'N, 82°25.968'W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez and M. Vega Rios 2004-116, II (BPI 864127). Mycol Progress (2007) 6:81-91 P. hemerocallidis was reported from Asia, Australia, Costa Rica, and the USA (Farr et al. 2004; Hernandez et al. 2002). This is the first report of P. hemerocallidis from Panama. Puccinia heterospora Berk. and M.A. Curtis on Hibiscus sp. Panama, Chiriqui Province, David, El Cabrero, UNACHI, 8°25.947TN, 82°27.045'W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-130, III (BPI 864206). On Hibiscus sp. Panama, Chiriqui Province, San Felix, side of San Felix river, 8°16.387'N, 81°51.71'W, 29 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-151, III (BPI 864210). P. heterospora is cosmopolitan, reported from the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Oceania on species in the Malvaceae (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first report of P. heterospora from Panama. Puccinia hydrocotyles Cooke on Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm. ex Lam. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Boquete, 8°46.691'N, 82°25.968'W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez and M. Vega Rios 2004-124, III (BPI 864128). P. hydrocotyles was reported from the Americas, Africa, Asia,andOceaniaonspeciesofHydrocotyle (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first report of P. hydrocotyles from Panama and confirms the tentative record in Piepenbring et al. (2002). Puccinia lantanae Farl. on Lantana sp. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Quebrada Cermeno, 8°30.531'N, 82°26.203'W, 28 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez and R. Mangelsdorff 2004-147, III (BPI 864209). P. lantanae was reported as tropical and subtropical in the western hemisphere, Africa, and Asia on species in the Verbenaceae and Acanthaceae (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first report of P. lantanae from Panama. Puccinia lateritia Berk. and M.A. Curtis on Borreria ocymoides (Burm. f.) DC. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Volcan, 8°47.398TN, 82°40.565'W, 25 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-102, III (BPI 864194). This specimen confirms the tentative record in Piepenbring et al. (2002). P. lateritia was reported as tropical and subtropical in the western hemisphere, Africa, and Asia on species in the Rubiaceae (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first report of P. lateritia from Panama. Puccinia oxalidis Dietel and Ellis on Oxalis sp. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Caizan, 8°44.406TN, 82°49.348'W, leg. J. R. Hernandez 2004-107, II (BPI 864197). Panama, Chiriqui Province, Boquete, 8°46.691N, 82°25.968'W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez and M. Vega Rios 2004-117, II (BPI 842600). Panama, Chiriqui Province, Boquete, 8°46.691'N, 82°25.968'W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez and M. Vega Rios 2004-118, II (BPI 864201). Panama, Chiriqui Province, Boquete, 8°46.691TN, 82°25.968'W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez and M. Vega Rios 2004-119, II (BPI 864202). P. oxalidis was reported as cosmopolitan (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first report of P. oxalidis from Panama. Puccinia pelargonii-zonalis Doidge on Pelargonium hortorum L.H. Bailey. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Volcan, N 8° 46.421', W 82° 38.271', 25 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-095, II (BPI 864130). P. pelargonii-zonalis was reported as cosmopolitan (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first report of P. pelargonii-zonalis from Panama. Puccinia urbaniana Henn on Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Los Algarrobos, 8°29.164'N, 82°25.951'W, 27 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-136, III (BPI 864133). P. urbaniana was reported from a number of countries in the Americas (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first report of P. urbaniana from Panama. Pucciniastrum epilobii G.H. Otth on Fuchsia sp. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Volcan, 8°46.421'N, 82°38.271'W, 25 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-096, II (BPI 864134). P. epilobii was reported from the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first report of P. epilobii from Panama. Uromyces commelinae Cooke on Commelina sp. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Boquete, 8°46.691'N, 82°25.968'W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez and M. Vega Rios 2004- 121, II-III (BPI 864203). U. commelinae was reported as cosmopolitan from the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Oceania (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first report of U. commelinae from Panama. Uromyces dolicholi Arthur on Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Panama, Cocle Province, Aguadulce, 8°13.227N, 80°36.558'W, 24 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-081, II (BPI 864136). Panama, Chiriqui Province, Caizan, 8°44.406'N, 82°49.348'W, 25 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-104, II (BPI 864137). On Rhynchosia sp. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Siogui, 8°13.241'N, 81°44.758'W, 29 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-155, II (BPI 864140). U. dolicholi was reported from the Caribbean, Central, North and South America, Africa, and Asia (Farretal. 2004). This is the first report of U. dolicholi from Panama. Uromyces euphorbiae Cooke and Peck on Chamaesyce sp. Panama, Cocle Province, Aguadulce, 8°13.227'N, 80°36.558'W, 24 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-083, II-III(BPI864141).On Poinsettia heterophylla (L.) Klotzsch and Garcke. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Distrito de Alanje, La Barqueta, 8°18.258'N, 82°34.822'W, 27 Nov. 2004, leg. J. R. Hernandez 2004-135, II (BPI 864142). U. euphorbiae is cosmopolitan, reported as widespread in the Americas, Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania on species of Euphorbiaceae (Farr et al. 2004; Hernandez et al. 2005a, b). This is the first report of U. euphorbiae from Panama. Uromyces hedysari-paniculati (Schwein.) Farl. apud Ellis on Desmodium sp. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Distrito de Alanje, La Barqueta, 8°18.258'N, 82°34.822'W, 27 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-133, II (BPI 864143). U. hedysari-paniculati has been reported as widespread in the Caribbean, Central, North, and South America on species of Desmodium and Meibomia (Fabaceae; Farr et al. 2004; Hernandez et al. 2005a, b). This is the first report of U. hedysari-paniculati from Panama. Uromyces novissimus Speg. on Cayaponia sp. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Caizan, 8°44.406'N, 82°49.348'W, 25 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-106, II-III (BPI 864196). U. novissimus was reported from the Caribbean, Central, North, and South America (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first report of U. novissimus from Panama. Uropyxis diphysae (Arthur) Cummins on Diphysa americana(Mill.) M. Sousa. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Plaza de Caizan, 8°43.528'N, 82°48.944'W, 25 Nov. 2004, leg. J. R. Hernandez 2004-110, III (BPI 864148). U. diphysae was reported on species of Diphysa from Central America and Mexico (Farr et al. 2004). This is the first report of U. diphysae from Panama. New host records from Panama Dietelia portoricensis (Whetzel and Olive) Buritica and J.F. Hennen on Mikania micrantha Kunth . Panama, Chiriqui Province, David, El Cabrero, UNACHI, 8°25.947'N, 82°27.045'W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004- 127, III (BPI 864204). Panama, Quebrada Cermeno, 8°30.263'N, 82°26.342'W, 28 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez and R. Mangelsdorff 2004-144, III (BPI 864208). D. portoricensis was reported from Brazil, Costa Rica, Colombia, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, El Salvador, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela (Buritica and Hennen 1980; Evans and Ellison 2005; Farr et al. 2004; Hernandezetal. 2005a, b). Ithas been reported from Panama on Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. and Mikania sp. (Buritica and Hennen 1980). This is the first report of D. portoricensis on M. micrantha from Panama. Puccinia cnici-oleracei Pers . on Emilia fosbergii Nicolson. Panama, Cocle Province, Aguadulce, 8°13.227'N, 80°36.558'W, 24 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004- 082, III (BPI 864118). Panama, Veraguas Province, La Pena, 8°9.913'N, 81°5.069'W, 24 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-087, III (BPI 864119). On Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.) DC. Panama, Cocle Province, Aguadulce, 8°13.227'N, 80°36.558'W, 24 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-085, III (BPI864124). On Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. Panama, Chiriqui Province, David, El Cabrero, UNACHI, 8°25.947'N, 82°27.045'W, 26 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-129, III (BPI 864205). P. cnici-oleracei is widespread in Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe on several species in the Asteraceae (Farr et al. 2004; Hernandez et al. 2005a, b). It has been reported from Panama on Neurolaena lobata (L.) R. Br. ex Cass. as Puccinia synendrellae Henn. (Arthur 1916), as P. emiliae Henn. (Standley 1927, 1933), and as P. melampodii Arthur (Jackson 1922). This is the first report of P. cnici-oleracei on E. fosbergii , M. divaricatum , and S. nodiflora from Panama. Puccinia thaliae Dietel on Canna sp. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Volcan, 8°46.421'N, 82°38.271'W, 25 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-097, II-III (BPI 864132). On Calathea sp. Panama, Veraguas Province, Los Ruices, 08°12.152'N, 81°30.521'W, 24 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-091, III. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Quebrada Cermeno, 08°29.997'N, 82°26.266'W, 28 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-141, II-III. P. thaliae is widespread in the Americas as well as in Africa and Asia, reported on species in the Marantaceae and Cannaceae (Farr et al. 2004; Hernandez et al. 2005a, b). It has been reported from Panama on Calathea sp. (Kern 1938)asPuccinia cannae Henn. This is the firstreportof P. thaliae on Canna sp. from Panama. Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Unger on Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Dominical, 8°39.825'N, 82°47.77'W, 25 Nov. 2004, leg J.R. Hernandez 2004-115, II (BPI 864138). U. appendiculatus is cosmopolitan, reported on a number of species in the Fabaceae (Farr et al. 2004). It has been reported from Panama on Macroptilium atropurpureum (Sesse and Moc. ex DC.) Urb. (Lenne 1990, the firstspecific mention of Panama, although her references only refer to Central America). This is the first report of U. appendiculatus on V. unguiculata from Panama. Uromyces neurocarpi Dietel on Clitoria falcata Lam. Panama, Veraguas Province, El Piro, 8°12.516'N, 81°37.735'W, 24 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004- 093, II-III (BPI 864145). U. neurocarpi is a neotropical rust reported on species of Centrocema , Clitoria , Martiusia , and Neurocarpum from the Caribbean, Central America, SouthAmerica, and Mexico (Farr et al. 2004). It has been reported from Panama on Clitoria sp. (Cummins 1978). This is the first report of U. neurocarpi on C. falcata from Panama. Uromyces setariae-italicae Yoshino on Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Volcan, N 8° 47.398',W 82° 40.565', 25 Nov. 2004, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-099, II (BPI 864147). On Paspalum sp., same data, leg. J.R. Hernandez 2004-099A, II. U. setariae-italicae is cosmopolitan, reported as widespread in Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania (Farr et al. 2004; Hernandez et al. 2005a, b). It has been reported from Panama on Panicum maximum Jacq. (McGuire and Crandall 1967) as Uromyces leptodermus Syd. and P. Syd. This is the firstreportofU. setariae-italicae on M. minutiflora and on Paspalum sp. from Panama. Acknowledgment We thank Laurene Levy (USDA/APHIS) for the molecular diagnosis of Phakopsora meibomiae . We also appreciate the collaboration by Ralph Mangelsdorff (University of Frankfurt) and Joe Kirkbride and John Wiersema (USDA/ARS) for identifying many host species, Manfred Ruppel for assistance with the SEM, and Roland Kirschner (University of Frankfurt) for help with the Latin description. Carl Williams and Omar Monteros (Universidad de Panama, Chiriqui) helped to visit fields of legume crops and Naira Camacho (Direccion Salud Vegetal del Ministerio de Desarrollo Agropecuario de Panama) assisted in obtaining permits. The trip by JRH was made possible by Doug Luster (USDA/ARS) as part of the survey for Phakopsora pachyrhizi in Central America and the Caribbean. 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An Jard Bot Madr 12:533-536 Fig. 1 Dicheirinia panamensis on Cojoba rufescens . a Leaf with groups of uredinia and telia (from Piepenbring and Vega 3518). b Group of uredinia and telia, as seen with the stereo microscope (from Piepenbring and Vega 3518), scale bar= 2 mm. c Teliospores, as seen by LM (from BPI 871146, type), scale bar=20 µm. d Urediniospores as seen by LM (from BPI 871146, type), scale bar=20 µm Fig. 2 Uredinium, urediniospores, and teliospores of Dicheirinia panamensis , as seen by LM. a-c Urediniospores (from type). d Longitudinal section of part of an uredinium (from Piepenbring 3680). e-h Teliospores (from type) Fig. 3 Dicheirinia panamensis , as seen by SEM (from type), scale bars =10 Hm. a, b Urediniospores, with central germpore. c, d Three-celled teliospores